![]() Furthermore, use of solid wall and roof construction, features not conducive to colonization by kissing bugs, is standard in construction. In contrast, home construction in the warmer parts of the United States where kissing bugs reside is different, with an emphasis on energy conservation and sealing of homes for air conditioning. In this setting, contact with humans occurs frequently and often leads to infection. Kissing bugs colonize these homes and peri-domestic structures and may achieve densities of more than 1000 bugs per home. Bottom: Proboscis folded ventrally when not feeding.Ĭhagas disease in Latin America is closely linked to house construction with thatch roofing and wattle and daub walls that provide numerous crevices for bugs to hide. Blood meals may take minutes to a half an hour to complete and are often interrupted by movement of the host. When starved of a blood meal for approximately 2 weeks, these voracious bugs immediately begin to feed, even disregarding handling and removal from their habitat. Top: Adult female Triatoma ruhida preparing to feed Kissing bugs are nuisances in homes in San Diego, California, and Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. This occasionally leads to human anaphylaxis 4 or, rarely, infection, in the United States. 2Īdult kissing bugs in the Southwest undergo a dispersal flight before the monsoon rains during the hottest days of summer and are attracted to lights near and on houses, 3 which they may enter beneath door thresholds and through window casings and feed on pet and human inhabitants ( Figure 1). 1 Yet, with climate change and possible changes in the behavior of kissing bugs, there is a potential for an increase in the number of vector-transmitted human infections with T. Kissing bug home ranges extend northward into the bottom two thirds of the United States however, the nearest endemic area of Chagas disease in humans is in Mexico. Reservations recommended for tours.Eleven species of hematophagous kissing bugs are found in the United States, and all potentially harbor Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Just keep your eyes peeled for gold-filled railroad bags, and don’t forget to look out for Fang and his sneaky stalactite brothers.Ĭolossal Cave Mountain Park, 16721 E. Whichever underground adventure you choose, Tucson’s caves are a fun way to escape the desert heat and explore a hidden side of Arizona unknown to most visitors. Spelunking enthusiasts can visit two other major cave networks in the Tucson area: Kartchner Caverns State Park, easily accessible on a day trip, and Peppersauce Caves, for more adventurous travelers. Picnicking and camping are also available in campgrounds created by the CCC. The park complex has stables offering trail rides, a petting zoo with fuzzy llamas and stubby goats, a butterfly garden, and a meet and greet with Cienega and Shelly, two desert tortoises. ![]() The 2,400-acre Colossal Cave Mountain Park is now about more than just the caves. Cocktails and campsitesīecause it takes about 1,000 years for a stalactite to add an inch to its length, the Colossal Cave Mountain Park isn’t waiting for geology to take the lead in adding features to the attraction.Ĭolossal has recently expanded its visitor options to include ladder tours to more inaccessible spots intermediate and advanced “wild cave” adventure tours, complete with headlamps and helmets toddler tours, where kids are welcome to squall like fruit bats ghost-hunting night tours and candle tours for the brave and Friday and Saturday happy hour tours with beer, wine and bright pink prickly pear margaritas. Their pickaxes and other tools are preserved along with Native American artifacts in display cases along the tour route. This public service project during the Great Depression sent dozens of young men to live in tents in the desert and construct the cave pathways and visitor center that are still in use. More recent (and more verifiable) human interest stories about the caves include a look at the Civilian Conservation Corps’ role in developing the caves as a tourist attraction in the 1930s. At night are the howling sounds just the wind escaping through small passages, or are they the mournful cry of a railroad bandit on an eternal search for lost loot? Visitors are left to wonder whether there are Wells Fargo mail bags filled with gold coins hidden in one of the side caverns. In ensuing gun battles, some were killed, others caught, but the riches were never recovered. The bandits made off with the loot and were tracked to these caves. One wild but true cave story is how in the 1880s a gang in the area stopped and robbed several cash-rich mail trains. Wild West tales abound about these caves and perhaps provide more entertainment value than historical accuracy. Colossal Cave tours highlight not only the natural history of the destination but also the human one.
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